Ontologies

CDM is the Common (Meta-)Data Model of the resources published by the Publications Office of the European Union

It is an ontology based on the FRBR model, described by using RDF(S)/OWL technologies, able to represent the relationships between the resource types managed by the Publications Office and their views according to the FRBR model in terms of Work, Expression, Manifestation and Item.

In CDM all types of documents created/issued by the European institutions, the activities (mainly legislation) by which the documents are created and the relations between the objects are described formally.

The documentation for the CDM version currently active in the Common Repository (Cellar) can be obtained by dereferencing the ontology URI http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm

This vocabulary was developed as part of the EU-funded project DE-BIAS - Detecting and cur(at)ing harmful language in cultural heritage collections (2023/2024) and is used by the DE-BIAS tool for detecting bias in metadata. It consists of contentious terms in English, Dutch, German, French, and Italian accompanied by contextual descriptions, suggestions for reflection and alternative wording, and the reference to the sources. Focusing primarily on migration and colonial history, gender and sexual identity, and ethnicity and ethno-religious identity, it was developed with community input and extensive research. It serves as a living document to evolve with societal discourse. The model of this vocabulary is based on this paper by Nesterov, Hollink, van Erp & van Ossenbruggen. More information and the complete application profile can be found on the project website: https://pro.europeana.eu/page/the-de-bias-vocabulary.

Content note: Readers are advised that this document contains distressing words.

The ELI Draft Legislation Ontology (ELI-DL) is an independent extension of the core ELI ontology. It enables the semantic annotation of bills, or legislative projects pages published in the portals of Official Journals or Parliaments.

ELI Impact Ontology (ELI-I) is an extension to the ELI ontology that provides more comprehensive information about the impact analysis process, the impacts of modifying text and the updates to the consolidated version of the legislation in response to these changes.

The ELI (European Legislation Identifier) ontology defines a common data model for exchanging legislation metadata on the web. The primary users of the ELI model are the official legal publishers of EU Member States, and the model can also be used by other organisations.

ERA Ontology is a data model defined by the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) to describe the concepts and relationships related to the European railway infrastructure and the vehicles authorized to operate over it. The infrastructure portion contains the Implementation layer that represents the railway network as a number of operational points (OPs) connected with sections of line (SoLs), describing the following structural subsystems of the Union rail system: the infrastructure subsystem, the energy subsystem, the trackside control-command and signalling subsystem. It also contains the Topological layer where the network topological concepts are defined. The Railway Vehicle types portion contains the route compatibility check-related technical characteristics of vehicle types.

Refer to the ontology definition for detailed specifications.

Refer to the Technical Annex on the application of the common specifications of the Register of Infrastructure for the RINF Application Guide.

The author of ERA Ontology is ERA and it is published by the Publications Office of the European Union on the EU Vocabularies website.

The EU Budget Vocabulary and its RDF serialisation are designed to facilitate the exchange, increase the understandability and foster the reusability of budgetary information published by the EU. The Vocabulary aims to increase government transparency by improving the availability, usability and understandability of the EU Budget.

EURIO (EUropean Research Information Ontology) conceptualises, formally encodes and makes available in an open, structured and machine-readable format data about resarch projects funded by the EU's framework programmes for research and innovation.

The European Learning Model can be used to capture the results of any non-formal and formal learning across Europe, as well as the validation of non-formal and informal learning. It is designed to provide a single format to describe certificates of attendance, examination results, degrees and diplomas, diploma supplements, professional certifications, employer recommendations and any other kind of claims that are related to learning.

The Euvoc ontology, published by the Publications Office of the European Union, supports the development of authority tables (Name Authority Lists or NALs), Eurovoc and EU corporate datasets. It contains a set of classes and properties enabling all the information to be expressed in multilingual format. It helps define relationships between terms and concepts across multiple domains, supporting interoperability and standardization across European Union documentation and databases. It also defines a set a commonly use properties (i.e: start date, end dates, status), and supports the reusability on common data (currencies, languages, countries).

The Euvoc ontology is maintained by the Publications Office of the European Union and disseminated on the EU Vocabularies website.

The RRMV ontology (Reporting Requirement Metadata Vocabulary) can be used for modeling and representing reporting requirements set in legal resources.